This page provides a list of risk management approaches. Most were presented in National Implementation Plans (NIPs); however, some additional approaches are also provided.
Chemical Hazard:
Risk management approaches addressing the chemical hazard usually involve the removal of the contaminants from soil, sediments or groundwater.
Example approaches include:
- Excavation of contaminated soils followed by off-site disposal,
- Solidification or stabilization,
- Removal (excavation),
- Disposal (off-site),
- Removal of contamination by treating soils with microbes,
- Phytoremediation ,
- Chemical degradation,
- Proper segregation,
- Research and development.,
- Mandatory screening for POPs contamination,
- Cap contaminated soils,
- Establish guidelines and limits for acceptable values of residual chemical products or equipment,
- Redesign process, change substance/material used,
- Include BAT in relevant industrial activities related to waste incineration and disposal, metallurgical industry, chemical industry and transportation sector,
- Natural attenuation, or
- Volatalization.
Pathway:
Risk Management approaches addressing the pathway usually involve placing a barrier between the contamination and the receptor.
Example approaches include:
- The use of personal protective equipment,
- Local bans on hunting/fishing,
- Limit occupation & accidental exposure,
- Drainage and dust erosion controls,
- Loading and unloading control (transport),
- Access restriction,
- Activity restriction,
- Compulsory use of personal protection equipment,
- Public awareness information and education - school curriculum,
- Monitoring & maintenance of equipment,
- Biological and medical monitoring of workers,
- Awareness of the value of protective equipment and going home from work with clean clothes/hands/shoes,
- Rules and enforced demobilization and decontamination after work,
- Sanitation and cleanliness,
- Capping or covering contaminated soils with clean soils, asphalt etc., or
- Using vegetation, wind fences and dust suppressants to control dust levels.
Receptor:
Risk Management approaches addressing the receptor usually involve restricting receptor access to the site.
Example approaches include:
- Use of walls or fences to keep people out of the contaminated area,
- Containment,
- Control on storage,
- Develop national guidelines (inventory and identification /labeling contaminated equipment),
- Land use restrictions,
- Provide free alternatives to behaviours resulting in risk,
- Public awareness information and education - school curriculum,
- Warning signs and labels, and
- Land use restrictions on contaminated sites.
